"x x x.
Here’s a roundup of our sources and some recommended readings, based on last night’s show, on Church and State. Here’s information and sources based on each segment of the show.
I. From the Inquisition to Deus Caritas Est
The Inquisition: Online resources range from Wikipedia’s entry on the Inquisition, the Spanish Inquisition, andAuto da fe (the part of the Inquisition we usually see in films). For those who prefer a more institutionally-backed online reading, there’s this good summary and discussion in The Galileo Project. There’s also James Hitchcock, (professor of history at St. Louis University) who goes over recent scholarship on the subject, from a Catholic point of view.
A book I’ve read, and can recommend, is Inquisition, by Edward Peters.
Doctrinal matters in the Catholic Church, once the responsibility of the Universal Inquisition, then the Holy Office, is the area of responsibility of the Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith, previously administered by Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, now Pope Benedict XVI. (here’s its current membership).
The Age of Enlightenment involves looking at the emergence of science in the Renaissance, and the flowering of reason, exemplified by the lives of Rousseau, of Diderot and his Encyclopédie,, and of course,Voltaire.
Again, if you don’t like relying on Wikipedia, there are good overviews on the Enlightenment by Paul Brians, and a more elaborate site in the same educational institution, titled The European Enlightenment, virtually a self-sufficient online course on its own. Other resources can be found in the Enlightenment section of the Internet Modern History Sourcebook.
But for an engaging overview of the shift of mankind’s ideas, from one in which religion and piety ruled all, to one ruled by reason and science, “The Seekers : The Story of Man’s Continuing Quest to Understand His World (Vintage)” (Daniel J. Boorstin) can’t be beat.
My favorite overall book on understanding the Catholic Church as a government and institution, is “Inside the Vatican : The Politics and Organization of the Catholic Church” (Thomas, S.J. Reese). It’s really a remarkable book.
I mentioned a whole slew of Church documents which you may wish to look over:
The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith’s Doctrinal Note on Some Questions Regarding The Participations of Catholics in Political Life (written by the present pope when he was still Cardinal);
Pope Benedict XVI’s encylical, Deus Caritas Est, and his speech to political parties in Europe;
The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops on Faithful Citizenship: A Catholic Call to Political Responsibility (issued in time for the 2004 American presidential election);
the most recent pastoral statement by the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, Shepherding and Prophesying in Hope: A CBCP Pastoral Letter on Social Concerns.
II. The Filipino separation of Church & State
We pointed out that Thomas More is the patron saint of politicians and statesmen. Read John Paul II’s proclamation to find out why.
I never cease recommending Apolinario Mabini’s The Philippine Revolution as the one book on our first independence struggle that, given limited time and resources for most people, has everything you need and should know on the era. What is readily available is the English translation by Leon Ma. Guerrero, which is on line; there is also a translation into Tagalog, of Guerrero’s translation. The question of the Filipinization of the clergy is discussed in his book.
You should also read the 1899 Constitution of the Philippines, ratified at Malolos.
Regarding past controversies, the debate over the vetoing of the religious instruction bill during the Commonwealth, and the debate over the Rizal Law, were covered by the Philippines Free Press at the time.
Church and State and the development of the Philippine nation are also thoroughly discussed in “State and Society in the Philippines (State and Society in East Asia)” (Abinales Patricio N.), which is a book I admire very much (and available locally).
III. The discussion
My guests were Manila Standard-Today editor-in-chief and columnist Jojo Robles, and blogger Dean Jorge Bocobo of Philippine Commentary.
IV. My view
This was my closing statement on the show:
We often hear render to Caesar what is Caesar’s and what is God’s to God. But we forget Christians defied the Caesars when Caesars wanted to be worshipped like gods. The separation of church and state means government has no business requiring us to worship a specific god, or any god. But the state’s required to accept that those with faith, have a right to inform their politics with their religion. Thats why our constitution says there can’t be an official religion, and you can’t be tested on your beliefs as a qualification for office.
x x x."